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Compare Paracel Islands (2003) - Niger (2004)

Compare Paracel Islands (2003) z Niger (2004)

 Paracel Islands (2003)Niger (2004)
 Paracel IslandsNiger
Administrative divisions - 7 departments (departements, singular - departement) and 1 capital district* (capitale district); Agadez, Diffa, Dosso, Maradi, Niamey*, Tahoua, Tillaberi, Zinder
Age structure - 0-14 years: 47.5% (male 2,749,039; female 2,643,479)


15-64 years: 50.4% (male 2,799,125; female 2,925,133)


65 years and over: 2.1% (male 128,101; female 115,661) (2004 est.)
Agriculture - products - cowpeas, cotton, peanuts, millet, sorghum, cassava (tapioca), rice; cattle, sheep, goats, camels, donkeys, horses, poultry
Airports 1 (2002) 27 (2003 est.)
Airports - with paved runways total: 1


1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2002)		 total: 9


2,438 to 3,047 m: 2


1,524 to 2,437 m: 6


under 914 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways - total: 18


1,524 to 2,437 m: 2


914 to 1,523 m: 14


under 914 m: 2 (2004 est.)
Area total: NA sq km


land: NA sq km


water: 0 sq km		 total: 1.267 million sq km


land: 1,266,700 sq km


water: 300 sq km
Area - comparative NA slightly less than twice the size of Texas
Background The Paracel Islands are surrounded by productive fishing grounds and by potential oil and gas reserves. In 1932, French Indochina annexed the islands and set up a weather station on Pattle Island; maintenance was continued by its successor, Vietnam. China has occupied the Paracel Islands since 1974, when its troops seized a South Vietnamese garrison occupying the western islands. The islands are claimed by Taiwan and Vietnam. Not until 1993, 33 years after independence from France, did Niger hold its first free and open elections. A 1995 peace accord ended a five-year Tuareg insurgency in the north. Coups in 1996 and 1999 were followed by the creation of a National Reconciliation Council that effected a transition to civilian rule by December 1999. Niger is one of the poorest countries in the world with minimal government services and insufficient funds to develop its resource base. The largely agrarian and subsistence-based economy is frequently disrupted by extended droughts common to the Sahel region of Africa.
Birth rate - 48.91 births/1,000 population (2004 est.)
Budget - revenues: $320 million - including $134 million from foreign sources


expenditures: $320 million, including capital expenditures of $178 million (2002 est.)
Capital - Niamey
Climate tropical desert; mostly hot, dry, dusty; tropical in extreme south
Coastline 518 km 0 km (landlocked)
Constitution - a new constitution was adopted 18 July 1999
Country name conventional long form: none


conventional short form: Paracel Islands		 conventional long form: Republic of Niger


conventional short form: Niger


local long form: Republique du Niger


local short form: Niger
Currency - Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (XOF); note - responsible authority is the Central Bank of the West African States
Death rate - 21.51 deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.)
Debt - external - $1.6 billion (1999 est.)
Diplomatic representation from the US - chief of mission: Ambassador Gail Dennise Thomas MATHIEU


embassy: Rue Des Ambassades, Niamey


mailing address: B. P. 11201, Niamey


telephone: [227] 72 26 61 through 72 26 64


FAX: [227] 73 31 67, 72-31-46
Diplomatic representation in the US - chief of mission: Ambassador Joseph DIATTA


chancery: 2204 R Street NW, Washington, DC 20008


telephone: [1] (202) 483-4224 through 4227


FAX: [1] (202)483-3169
Disputes - international occupied by China, but claimed by Taiwan and Vietnam Libya claims about 25,000 sq km in a currently dormant dispute; much of Benin-Niger boundary, including tripoint with Nigeria, remains undemarcated, and ICJ ad hoc judges have been selected to rule on disputed Niger and Mekrou River islands; Lake Chad Commission continues to urge signatories Cameroon, Chad, Niger, and Nigeria to ratify delimitation treaty over the lake region, which remains the site of armed clashes among local populations and militias
Economic aid - recipient - $341 million (1997)
Economy - overview China announced plans in 1997 to open the islands for tourism. Niger is a poor, landlocked Sub-Saharan nation, whose economy centers on subsistence agriculture, animal husbandry, and reexport trade, and increasingly less on uranium, because of declining world demand. The 50% devaluation of the West African franc in January 1994 boosted exports of livestock, cowpeas, onions, and the products of Niger's small cotton industry. The government relies on bilateral and multilateral aid - which was suspended following the April 1999 coup d'etat - for operating expenses and public investment. In 2000-01, the World Bank approved a structural adjustment loan of $105 million to help support fiscal reforms. However, reforms could prove difficult given the government's bleak financial situation. The IMF approved a $73 million poverty reduction and growth facility for Niger in 2000 and announced $115 million in debt relief under the Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) initiative. Further disbursements of aid occurred in 2002. Future growth may be sustained by exploitation of oil, gold, coal, and other mineral resources.
Electricity - consumption - 325.1 million kWh (2001)
Electricity - exports - 0 kWh (2001)
Electricity - imports - 100 million kWh (2001)
Electricity - production - 242 million kWh (2001)
Elevation extremes lowest point: South China Sea 0 m


highest point: unnamed location on Rocky Island 14 m		 lowest point: Niger River 200 m


highest point: Mont Bagzane 2,022 m
Environment - current issues NA overgrazing; soil erosion; deforestation; desertification; wildlife populations (such as elephant, hippopotamus, giraffe, and lion) threatened because of poaching and habitat destruction
Environment - international agreements - party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands


signed, but not ratified: Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Law of the Sea
Ethnic groups - Hausa 56%, Djerma 22%, Fula 8.5%, Tuareg 8%, Beri Beri (Kanouri) 4.3%, Arab, Toubou, and Gourmantche 1.2%, about 1,200 French expatriates
Exchange rates - Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XOF) per US dollar - 581.2 (2003), 696.988 (2002), 733.039 (2001), 711.976 (2000), 615.699 (1999)
Executive branch - chief of state: President TANDJA Mamadou (since 22 December 1999); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government


head of government: President TANDJA Mamadou (since 22 December 1999); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government; Prime Minister Hama AMADOU (since 31 December 1999) was appointed by the president and shares some executive responsibilities with the president


cabinet: 23-member Cabinet appointed by the president


elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; second round last held 4 December 2004 (next to be held December 2009); prime minister appointed by the president


election results: TANDJA Mamadou reelected president; percent of vote - TANDJA Mamadou 65.5%, Mahamadou ISSOUFOU 34.5%
Exports - NA (2001)
Exports - commodities - uranium ore, livestock, cowpeas, onions
Exports - partners - France 42.2%, Nigeria 28.9%, Japan 17.2%, Spain 4.4% (2003)
Fiscal year - calendar year
Flag description - three equal horizontal bands of orange (top), white, and green with a small orange disk (representing the sun) centered in the white band; similar to the flag of India, which has a blue spoked wheel centered in the white band
GDP - purchasing power parity - $9.062 billion (2003 est.)
GDP - composition by sector - agriculture: 39%


industry: 17%


services: 44% (2001)
GDP - per capita - purchasing power parity - $800 (2003 est.)
GDP - real growth rate - 3.8% (2003 est.)
Geographic coordinates 16 30 N, 112 00 E 16 00 N, 8 00 E
Geography - note composed of 130 small coral islands and reefs divided into the northeast Amphitrite Group and the western Crescent Group landlocked; one of the hottest countries in the world: northern four-fifths is desert, southern one-fifth is savanna, suitable for livestock and limited agriculture
Highways - total: 10,100 km


paved: 798 km


unpaved: 9,302 km (1999 est.)
Household income or consumption by percentage share - lowest 10%: 0.8%


highest 10%: 35.4% (1995)
Imports - NA (2001)
Imports - commodities - foodstuffs, machinery, vehicles and parts, petroleum, cereals
Imports - partners - France 16.4%, Cote d'Ivoire 13.8%, China 10.5%, Nigeria 7.7%, US 5.5%, Japan 4.9% (2003)
Independence - 3 August 1960 (from France)
Industrial production growth rate - NA (2001 est.)
Industries - uranium mining, cement, brick, textiles, food processing, chemicals, slaughterhouses
Infant mortality rate - total: 122.66 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 126.96 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 118.24 deaths/1,000 live births (2004 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) - 3% (2002 est.)
International organization participation - ACCT, ACP, AfDB, AU, ECOWAS, Entente, FAO, FZ, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO (subscriber), ITU, MONUC, NAM, OIC, ONUB, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMIL, UNOCI, UPU, WADB (regional), WAEMU, WCL, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO
Irrigated land 0 sq km (1998 est.) 660 sq km (1998 est.)
Judicial branch - State Court or Cour d'Etat; Court of Appeal or Cour d'Appel
Labor force - 70,000 receive regular wages or salaries (2002 est.)
Labor force - by occupation - agriculture 90%, industry and commerce 6%, government 4%
Land boundaries 0 km total: 5,697 km


border countries: Algeria 956 km, Benin 266 km, Burkina Faso 628 km, Chad 1,175 km, Libya 354 km, Mali 821 km, Nigeria 1,497 km
Land use arable land: 0%


permanent crops: 0%


other: 100% (1998 est.)		 arable land: 3.54%


permanent crops: 0.01%


other: 96.45% (2001)
Languages - French (official), Hausa, Djerma
Legal system - based on French civil law system and customary law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Legislative branch - unicameral National Assembly (113 seats; note - expanded from 83 seats; members elected by popular vote for five-year terms)


elections: last held 4 December 2004 (next to be held December 2009)


election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - MNSD 47, CDS 22, PNDS 17, Social Democratic Rally 7 RDP 6i ANDP 5, Party for Socialism and Democarcy in Niger 1, other 8
Life expectancy at birth - total population: 42.18 years


male: 42.38 years


female: 41.97 years (2004 est.)
Literacy - definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 17.6%


male: 25.8%


female: 9.7% (2003 est.)
Location Southeastern Asia, group of small islands and reefs in the South China Sea, about one-third of the way from central Vietnam to the northern Philippines Western Africa, southeast of Algeria
Map references Southeast Asia Africa
Maritime claims NA none (landlocked)
Military - note occupied by China -
Military branches - Army, Air Force, National Intervention and Security Force
Military expenditures - dollar figure - $21.7 million (2003)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP - 1.1% (2003)
Military manpower - availability - males age 15-49: 2,460,637 (2004 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service - males age 15-49: 1,333,027 (2004 est.)
Military manpower - reaching military age annually - males: 122,363 (2004 est.)
National holiday - Republic Day, 18 December (1958)
Nationality - noun: Nigerien(s)


adjective: Nigerien
Natural hazards typhoons recurring droughts
Natural resources none uranium, coal, iron ore, tin, phosphates, gold, petroleum
Net migration rate - -0.67 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2004 est.)
Political parties and leaders - Alliance for Democracy and Progress or ANDP [leader NA]; Democratic Rally of the People-Jama'a or RDP-Jama'a [Hamid ALGABID]; Democratic and Social Convention-Rahama or CDS-Rahama [Mahamane OUSMANE]; National Movement for a Developing Society-Nassara or MNSD-Nassara [Mamadou TANDJA, chairman]; Nigerien Alliance for Democracy and Social Progress-Zaman Lahiya or ANDPS-Zaman Lahiya [Moumouni Adamou DJERMAKOYE]; Nigerien Party for Democracy and Socialism-Tarayya or PNDS-Tarayya [Mahamadou ISSOUFOU]; Party for Socialism and Democracy in Niger [leader NA]; Rally for Democracy and Progress or RDP [leader NA]; Union of Democratic Patriots and Progressives-Chamoua or UPDP-Chamoua [Professor Andre' SALIFOU, chairman]
Political pressure groups and leaders - NA
Population no indigenous inhabitants


note: there are scattered Chinese garrisons (July 2003 est.)		 11,360,538 (July 2004 est.)
Population below poverty line - 63% (1993 est.)
Population growth rate - 2.67% (2004 est.)
Ports and harbors small Chinese port facilities on Woody Island and Duncan Island being expanded none
Radio broadcast stations - AM 5, FM 6, shortwave 4 (2001)
Religions - Muslim 80%, remainder indigenous beliefs and Christian
Sex ratio - at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 0.96 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 1.11 male(s)/female


total population: 1 male(s)/female (2004 est.)
Suffrage - 18 years of age; universal
Telephone system - general assessment: small system of wire, radio telephone communications, and microwave radio relay links concentrated in the southwestern area of Niger


domestic: wire, radiotelephone communications, and microwave radio relay; domestic satellite system with 3 earth stations and 1 planned


international: country code - 227; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean)
Telephones - main lines in use - 22,400 (2002)
Telephones - mobile cellular - 24,000 (2003)
Television broadcast stations - 3 (plus seven low-power repeaters) (2002)
Terrain mostly low and flat predominately desert plains and sand dunes; flat to rolling plains in south; hills in north
Total fertility rate - 6.83 children born/woman (2004 est.)
Unemployment rate - NA (2002 est.)
Waterways none 300 km


note: Niger River is navigable to Gaya between September and March (2004)
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